Documentation consulted

Primary and technical material used to review the method. Official documentation is distinguished from community observations and the author's archived material.

INTEL: PROCESSORS AND ELECTRICAL MODEL

• Intel. Core 13th/14th Gen Datasheet, Vol. 1, 743844-015 (May 2025), pp. 64-67, 103-104, 182, 186-192.
• Intel. VCCCORE DC Specifications. Datasheet 743844, Rev. 015 (05.2025).
• Intel. Current Excursion Protection (CEP). 743844-015, Section 13.1.5, p. 187.
• Intel Support. Undervolt Protection / Intel XTU. Article 000094219, revision dated April 7, 2026.
• Intel Support. Vmin Shift Instability - Latest Information. Article 000102331, revision dated July 21, 2026.
• Intel. Core i9-14900KS Product Specifications, SKU 237504. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• Intel. 14th Gen Core Desktop Processors Product Brief: TBM 3.0, TVB and ABT.
• Intel. Core Ultra 200S Advocacy Deck (September 2025), slide 51: Overclocking Overhauled / DLVR.
• Intel. RaptorLake-S FSP, FspmUpd.h: CoreVoltageOverride / Offset and V/F. Copyright 2023; accessed September 8, 2026.
• Intel. Overclocking CPU with Intel Extreme Tuning Utility. Accessed September 8, 2026.

MOTHERBOARDS AND BIOS

• ASUS. ROG Z790 Series BIOS Manual, Intel 14th Gen, E22758 (October 2023), pp. 20-27, 41-49, 53-57, 68-70.
• Jiaszzz_ASUS / ASUS Support. SVID Behavior Auto on Prime Z790-P, BIOS 1658 (July 4, 2024).
• ASUS. ROG Maximus Z790 Apex Encore - BIOS & Firmware. BIOS 2202 (20.08.2026).
• ASUS. ROG Maximus Z790 Apex Encore - official motherboard page. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• ASUS. ROG Z890 Series BIOS Manual, E25061 (January 2025), pp. 55-56: DLVR Mode and P/E/Ring domains.
• ASUS. ROG STRIX Z790 BIOS Manual, E23196: SVID Behavior, ratio limits, Ring and Auto voltage, pp. 21, 24-27, 45, 52-54.
• ASUS. FAQ 1053456 (August 23, 2024): Intel Default Settings and ASUS Advanced OC Profile.
• Shamino / ROG Forum. SVID Behavior Trained: prediction using CPU, frequencies and VRM load-line. Accessed October 1, 2026.

MONITORING

• Martin / HWiNFO. Another question about DC loadline and VID (23.06.2025).
• Martin / HWiNFO. Effective clock vs instant (discrete) clock (15.10.2019).
• Martin / HWiNFO. Vcore vs VR VOUT (Vcore)? (October 15, 2024): VID request and voltage measurements.
• Martin / HWiNFO. Copy and paste, reply #2: averaging group rows. Accessed October 3, 2026.

SOFTWARE AND VALIDATION

• Alexander J. Yee. y-cruncher: official site and Component Stress Tester.
• Alexander J. Yee. y-cruncher Version History: SVT, VT3 and legacy VST. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• OCCT. Stability Testing Configuration: CPU + RAM. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• Karhu Software. RAM Test: official site and FAQ. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• Microsoft Learn. WHEA Hardware Error Events. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• OCCT. Stability Testing Configuration: CPU. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• Alexander J. Yee. y-cruncher 0.8.7.9547b (Windows Only); Command Lines.txt: BKT, BBP, SFTv4.
• Alexander J. Yee. y-cruncher - Frequently Asked Questions. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• Alexander J. Yee. y-cruncher User Guides - Memory Allocation. Accessed September 8, 2026.
• sp00n / CoreCycler. Official README: core cycling, Intel Active-Core Turbo. Accessed October 3, 2026.

COMMUNITY OBSERVATIONS

• Snafu42 / ASUS ROG Forum. CPU Load-line Calibration vs. SVID Behavior. STRIX Z790-E, BIOS 2503 (02.10.2024).
• SkatterBencher #53 (January 22, 2023). Motherboard Auto-Rules: AC/DC and LLC changes with Turbo Ratios.
• SkatterBencher #67 (December 16, 2023). V/F and automatic/adaptive voltage control.

AUTHOR'S MATERIAL

• Maxim Pakhtunov. APEX_2202_final.txt - archived BIOS 2202 export dated August 28, 2026.
• Maxim Pakhtunov. Archived HWiNFO / y-cruncher / RAM Test screenshots; HWiNFO / Cinebench capture dated October 1, 2026.
• Maxim Pakhtunov. Z790 APEX ENCORE + 14900KS | 48GB @ 8200-36 | DAILY USE [BIOS 2202]. Video recording.